ABSTRACT
AIM@#To investigate the active chloroform fraction of the ethanol extract of Ipomoea carnea flowers on hematological changes in toluene diisocyanate-induced inflammation in Wistar rats.@*METHOD@#Except for the control group, all of the rats were sensitized with intranasal application of 5 μL of 10% toluene diisocyanate (TDI) for 7 days. One week after second sensitization, all of the rats were provoked with 5 μL of 5% TDI to induce airway hypersensitivity. After the last challenge, blood and bronchoalvelor lavage (BAL) fluid were collected and subjected to total and differential leucocytes count. Flash chromatography was performed on the most active chloroform fraction to isolate an individual component.@*RESULTS@#Treatment with the ethanolic extract and its chloroform fraction at an oral dose of 200 mg·kg⁻¹ showed a significant decrease in circulating neutrophil and eosinophil in blood and BAL as compared with standard dexamethasone (DEXA). The structure of the compound obtained from chloroform fraction of Ipomea carnea was elucidated as stigmast-5, 22-dien-3β-ol on the basis of spectral data analysis.@*CONCLUSION@#The chloroform fraction was found to be more effective to suppress airway hyper reactivity symptoms, and decreased count of both total and differential inflammatory cells.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Asthma , Blood , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid , Eosinophils , Metabolism , Flowers , Chemistry , Hematology , Inflammation , Blood , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Ipomoea , Chemistry , Leukocyte Count , Molecular Structure , Neutrophils , Metabolism , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Rats, Wistar , Stigmasterol , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Toluene 2,4-DiisocyanateABSTRACT
The effect of triazophos (O, O-diethyl O-1-phenyl-1 H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl phosphorothioate), a widely used insecticide was studied on the induction of oxidative stress and histological alterations at sub-chronic doses in male albino rats. Oral administration of triazophos at concentrations of 1.64, 3.2 and 8.2 mg/kg body wt for 30 days produced dose as well as time-dependent increase in the lipid peroxidation (determined by malondialdehyde levels) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in serum with a concomitant decrease in ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and blood glutathione (GSH) content. Histopathological examination of liver of triazophos-treated rats showed significant and progressive degenerative changes as compared to control, which could be due to induction of oxidative stress. However, no significant histopathological changes were observed in spleen, kidney and brain at either dose of triazophos with respect to control. These results indicated that oral administration of triazophos was associated with enhanced lipid peroxidation and compromised antioxidant defence in rats in dose and time-dependent manner. Thus the present study demonstrated for the first time the role of oxidative stress as the important mechanism involved in the stimulation of hepatic histo-architectural alterations at sub-chronic doses of triazophos in rats.